ABSTRACT
Health economics seek to provide the information which can contribute to the rational decision making, towards the appropriate allocation of scarce healthcare resources. Through the COVID-19 pandemic, everyone has recognized that healthcare resource would not be infinite and general public would no longer permit too excessive resource allocation for healthcare area, which might cause the conflict against other social activities. Even under the Universal Health Coverage, some restriction for coverage should be implemented, to maintain the public health care system. The health economic evaluation, or cost-effectiveness evaluation could be used for coverage decision of healthcare intervention for public health system, as it aimed to assess both costs and health outcome of candidate intervention against the conventional ones. The ICER, additional costs divided by additional outcomes could be used as"benchmark"of cost-effectiveness. The QALYs, quality-adjusted life years, was widely used as a"common"outcome measure, which enables us to evaluate interventions regardless of type of the diseases. However, cost-effectiveness data, or cost data with QALY data should not be the"only"benchmark value for decision making. Various aspects, outside of costs and QALYs, such as productivity losses and family spillovers, would constitute the"value"of interventions. How to evaluate the value of healthcare interventions must be differed from how to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of them.